The Society had published The Journal of Neuroscience through Oxford University Press since 1986, but by the early 1990s, the editors and Council were finding this relationship increasingly problematic and expensive. Each year involved “all those tiresome negotiations” over the format, the number of pages, and the availability of color printing, each of which involved additional charges from Oxford.305 Color printing “was critical to compete for the best papers in neuroscience” and became a major issue with advances in electron microphotography that allowed the visualization of fine cellular detail.306 Council had discussed the possibility of self-publishing The Journal from 1991, under President Joseph Coyle, through Carla Shatz’s tenure in 1995– 96. “We didn’t know whether we could really handle it or not, whether it’d be a disaster financially, or whether we couldn’t make a success out of it,” remembered Larry Squire (President 1992–93).307 After “lots of debates, lots of worry, about whether or not thi...