Psychostimulants, which provide a temporary boost to physical and/or mental function, range from drugs like cocaine and methamphetamines to everyday hits like nicotine and caffeine.

New tools are helping neuroscientists investigate why early life is such a crucial time for neural development.

And other neuroscience news you may have missed in December 2022.

The addictive substance in alcohol, ethanol, acts as a stimulant in lower blood-alcohol concentrations and as a depressant in larger concentrations.

Drug abuse is one of the nation's most serious health problems. About 9 percent of Americans, more than 22 million people, abuse drugs on a regular basis. Drug abuse, including alcohol and nicotine, is estimated to cost the U.S. more than $600 billion each year.

Opioids are substances that bind to opioid receptors in the brain to relieve pain.

Our body’s natural sleep-wake rhythm, or circadian rhythm, helps us stay healthy and function throughout our daily lives.

Historically associated with combat veterans, PTSD symptoms occur in people with vastly different experiences, including those whose jobs rarely take them away from a desk.

Huntington’s disease is a heritable neurodegenerative disease that can impact those under 20 in its juvenile form and develop in adults as early as their 30s and 40s.

The latest exhibit at Washington, D.C.’s ARTECHOUSE marries cutting-edge neuroscience and art.